-
1 Rastrick, John Urpeth
[br]b. 26 January 1780 Morpeth, Englandd. 1 November 1856 Chertsey, England[br]English engineer whose career spanned the formative years of steam railways, from constructing some of the earliest locomotives to building great trunk lines.[br]John Urpeth Rastrick, son of an engineer, was initially articled to his father and then moved to Ketley Ironworks, Shropshire, c. 1801. In 1808 he entered into a partnership with John Hazledine at Bridgnorth, Shropshire: Hazledine and Rastrick built many steam engines to the designs of Richard Trevithick, including the demonstration locomotive Catch-Me-Who-Can. The firm also built iron bridges, notably the bridge over the River Wye at Chepstow in 1815–16.Between 1822 and 1826 the Stratford \& Moreton Railway was built under Rastrick's direction. Malleable iron rails were laid, in one of the first instances of their use. They were supplied by James Foster of Stourbridge, with whom Rastrick went into partnership after the death of Hazledine. In 1825 Rastrick was one of a team of engineers sent by the committee of the proposed Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) to carry out trials of locomotives built by George Stephenson on the Killingworth Waggonway. Early in 1829 the directors of the L \& MR, which was by then under construction, sent Rastrick and James Walker to inspect railways in North East England and report on the relative merits of steam locomotives and fixed engines with cable haulage. They reported, rather hesitantly, in favour of the latter, particularly the reciprocal system of Benjamin Thompson. In consequence the Rainhill Trials, at which Rastrick was one of the judges, were held that October. In 1829 Rastrick constructed the Shutt End colliery railway in Worcestershire, for which Foster and Rastrick built the locomotive Agenoria; this survives in the National Railway Museum. Three similar locomotives were built to the order of Horatio Allen for export to the USA.From then until he retired in 1847 Rastrick found ample employment surveying railways, appearing as a witness before Parliamentary committees, and supervising construction. Principally, he surveyed the southern part of the Grand Junction Railway, which was built for the most part by Joseph Locke, and the line from Manchester to Crewe which was eventually built as the Manchester \& Birmingham Railway. The London \& Brighton Railway (Croydon to Brighton) was his great achievement: built under Rastrick's supervision between 1836 and 1840, it included three long tunnels and the magnificent Ouse Viaduct. In 1845 he was Engineer to the Gravesend \& Rochester Railway, the track of which was laid through the Thames \& Medway Canal's Strood Tunnel, partly on the towpath and partly on a continuous staging over the water.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1837.Bibliography1829, with Walker, Report…on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines, Liverpool.Further ReadingC.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of Railway Locomotives Down to the End of the Year 1831, The Locomotive Publishing Co.R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.C.Hadfield and J.Norris, 1962, Waterways to Stratford, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (covers Stratford and Moreton Railway).See also: Stephenson, RobertPJGR -
2 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
3 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
-
4 Thompson, Benjamin
[br]b. 11 April 1779 Eccleshall, Yorkshire, Englandd. 19 April 1867 Gateshead, England[br]English coal owner and railway engineer, inventor of reciprocal cable haulage.[br]After being educated at Sheffield Grammar School, Thompson and his elder brother established Aberdare Iron Works, South Wales, where he gained experience in mine engineering from the coal-and ironstone-mines with which the works were connected. In 1811 he moved to the North of England as Managing Partner in Bewicke's Main Colliery, County Durham, which was replaced in 1814 by a new colliery at nearby Ouston. Coal from this was carried to the Tyne over the Pelew Main Wagonway, which included a 1,992 yd (1,821 m) section where horses had to haul loaded wagons between the top of one cable-worked incline and the foot of the next. Both inclines were worked by stationary steam engines, and by installing a rope with a record length of nearly 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in 1821 Thompson arranged for the engine of the upper incline to haul the loaded wagons along the intervening section also. To their rear was attached the rope from the engine of the lower incline, to be used in due course to haul the empties back again.He subsequently installed this system of "reciprocal working" elsewhere, in particular in 1826 over five miles (8 km) of the Brunton \& Shields Railroad, a colliery line north of the Tyne, where trains were hauled at an average speed of 6 mph (10 km/h) including rope changes. This performance was better than that of contemporary locomotives. The directors of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway, which was then being built, considered installing reciprocal cable haulage on their line, and then decided to stage a competition to establish whether an improved steam locomotive could do better still. This competition became the Rainhill Trials of 1829 and was decisively won by Rocket, which had been built for the purpose.Thompson meanwhile had become prominent in the promotion of the Newcastle \& Carlisle Railway, which, when it received its Act in 1829, was the longest railway so far authorized in Britain.[br]Bibliography1821, British patent no. 4602 (reciprocal working).1847, Inventions, Improvements and Practice of Benjamin Thompson, Newcastle upon Tyne: Lambert.Further ReadingW.W.Tomlinson, 1914, The North Eastern Railway, Newcastle upon Tyne: Andrew Reid (includes a description of Thompson and his work).R.Welford, 1895, Men of Mark twixt Tyne and Tweed, Vol. 3, 506–6.C.R.Warn, 1976, Waggonways and Early Railways of Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.——c. 1981, Rails between Wear \& Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.PJGR
См. также в других словарях:
John Urpeth Rastrick — Infobox Person name = John Urpeth Rastrick caption = birth date = birth date|1780|1|26|mf=y birth place = Morpeth, Northumberland death date = death date|1856|11|1|mf=y death place = Chertsey, SurreyJohn Urpeth Rastrick (January 26 1780 ndash;… … Wikipedia
Rastrick (disambiguation) — Rastrick is a village in West Yorkshire, England. It may also refer to: * Rastrick High SchoolPeople* John Urpeth Rastrick, an English steam locomotive builder.Places* Foster, Rastrick and Company, an English steam locomotive manufacturing… … Wikipedia
Foster, Rastrick and Company — was one of the pioneering steam locomotive manufacturing companies of England. It was based in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, now West Midlands.James Foster, an ironmaster, and engineer John Urpeth Rastrick became partners in 1816, forming the… … Wikipedia
Morpeth, Northumberland — Coordinates: 55°09′47″N 1°40′41″W / 55.163°N 1.678°W / 55.163; 1.678 … Wikipedia
1819 in rail transport — EventsJune events* June 24 James Foster and John Urpeth Rastrick partner to form Foster, Rastrick and Company, the English firm that built the first steam locomotives for the Delaware and Hudson Railroad.Births October births * October 27 Henry B … Wikipedia
1847 in rail transport — Events February events * February 26 ndash; The Somerville and Easton Railroad, a predecessor of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, is chartered.March events* March 9 ndash; The Richmond and Danville Railroad is chartered in Virginia. * March 15 … Wikipedia
Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway — MetaSidebar|30%|#eeffff|right|Stations and Landmarks Nottingham London Road Colwick Junction Netherfield Radcliffe on Trent Bingham Aslockton Elton and Orston Bottesford East Sedgebrook Grantham Ambergate Yard Grantham The Ambergate, Nottingham,… … Wikipedia
Concours de Rainhill — Inauguration de la ligne de chemin de fer Liverpool Manchester (aquarelle d A. B. Clayton, 1830). Le concours de Rainhill est l une des premières courses de vitesse opposant des locomotives (principalement à vapeur). Les différentes courses se… … Wikipédia en Français
1856 in rail transport — Events January events * January ndash; Opening throughout of first railroad in Africa and the Middle East, from Alexandria to Cairo, Egypt (convert|208|km|disp=slash|abbr=on).cite book| author=Marshall, John| title=The Guinness Railway Book| date … Wikipedia
James Foster (ironmaster) — James Foster (1786 ndash; 1853) was a prominent Worcestershire ironmaster and senior partner in the important iron company of John Bradley Co., Stourbridge, taking its name from his elder half brother. As well as the Stourbridge ironworks, the… … Wikipedia
1780 in rail transport — yearbox in?=in rail transport cp=17th century c=18th century cf=19th century yp1=1777 yp2=1778 yp3=1779 year=1780 ya1=1781 ya2=1782 ya3=1783 dp3=1750s dp2=1760s dp1=1770s d=1780s dn1=1790s dn2=1800s dn3=1810s|EventsBirthsJanuary births* January… … Wikipedia
